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On 27 November 1895, Alfred Nobel signed his last will and testament, giving the largest share of his fortune to a series of prizes, the Nobel Prizes. As described in Nobel's will one part was dedicated to “the person who shall have produced in the field of literature the most outstanding work in an ideal direction”. 
All Nobel Prizes in Literature
The Nobel Prize in Literature has been awarded 104 times to 108 Nobel Laureates between 1901 and 2011.